Criteria for general listening skills
Rudiments
Standard staff notation including dynamic, tempo and expression markings, simple ornaments and articulation signs, treble, bass and alto clefs, key signatures up to 4 sharps and 4 flats in major and minor keys, time signatures, major, minor and perfect intervals.
Melody and rhythm
Major, minor, chromatic, whole-tone and pentatonic scales. Blue notes. Melodic movement (ascending or descending by step or leap). Phrasing. Call and response. Duple, triple or irregular metre. Syncopation, swing, polyrhythm.
Harmony
Primary chords: I, IV, and V(7); secondary chords: II and VI. Perfect, imperfect and interrupted cadences. Modulations to related keys (sub-dominant, dominant, relative minor, relative major).
Ensembles and instruments/voices
Western ensembles and instruments: orchestras, jazz bands, choirs and chamber music ensembles. The main instruments and voices used in the above ensembles. Keyboard instruments: piano, harpsichord, organ. World ensembles and instruments: Indonesian: gamelan; African and Arab: raba–b, kora, xylophone, ’u–d; Indian: bansuri, sitar, sa–rangı–, tabla–; Chinese: ch’in, dizi, erh-hu. Japanese: shakuhachi, koto, sho–; Latin American: bandoneon, pan-pipes, charangos, guitars.
Instrumental and/or vocal effects
Arco, pizzicato, glissando, tremolo, double stopping, strumming, pitch bending, mute, roll, melisma.
Structure
Binary, ternary, rondo, theme and variations, ground bass.
Compositional devices
Repetition, imitation, sequence, canon, ostinato, drone, Alberti bass, pedal (tonic and dominant), contrary motion.
Texture
Melody and accompaniment, homophonic, polyphonic, monophonic, heterophonic, parallel motion.
Style
Baroque, Classical, Romantic, Twentieth Century (including impressionism, neo-classicism, jazz, minimalism).
Genre
Opera, oratorio (including recitative, aria and chorus), musical, symphony, concerto, string quartet, sonata, march, waltz, minuet and trio.
Background information of the piece
What is the meaning or the story of your composition?